Qing, G. et al. Recent advances and challenges of electrocatalytic N2 reduction to ammonia. Chem. Rev. 120, 5437–5516 (2020).
Guo, J. & Chen, P. Catalyst: NH3 as an energy carrier. Chem 3, 709–712 (2017).
Ye, T.-N. et al. Vacancy-enabled N2 activation for ammonia synthesis on an Ni-loaded catalyst. Nature 583, 391–395 (2020).
Li, K. et al. Enhancement of lithium-mediated ammonia synthesis by addition of oxygen. Science 374, 1593–1597 (2021).
Suryanto, B. H. R. et al. Nitrogen reduction to ammonia at high efficiency and rates based on a phosphonium proton shuttle. Science 372, 1187–1191 (2021).
Soloveichik, G. Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia as a potential alternative to the Haber–Bosch process. Nat. Catal. 2, 377–380 (2019).
Smith, C., Hill, A. K. & Torrente-Murciano, L. Current and future role of Haber–Bosch ammonia in a carbon-free energy landscape. Energy Environ. Sci. 13, 331–344 (2020).
Malmali, M. et al. Better absorbents for ammonia separation. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 6, 6536–6546 (2018).
Smith, C., McCormick, A. V. & Cussler, E. L. Optimizing the conditions for ammonia production using absorption. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7, 4019–4029 (2019).
Rieth, A. J., Wright, A. M. & Dincă, M. Kinetic stability of metal–organic frameworks for corrosive and coordinating gas capture. Nat. Rev. Mater. 4, 708–725 (2019).
Kajiwara, T. et al. A systematic study on the stability of porous coordination polymers against ammonia. Chem. Eur. J. 20, 15611–15617 (2014).
Mason, J. A. et al. Methane storage in flexible metal–organic frameworks with intrinsic thermal management. Nature 527, 357–361 (2015).
Godfrey, H. G. W. et al. Ammonia storage by reversible host–guest site exchange in a robust metal–organic framework. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57, 14778–14781 (2018).
Chen, Y. et al. Removal of ammonia emissions via reversible structural transformation in M(BDC) (M = Cu, Zn, Cd) metal–organic frameworks. Environ. Sci. Technol. 54, 3636–3642 (2020).
Chen, Y. et al. Environmentally friendly synthesis of flexible MOFs M(NA)2 (M = Zn, Co, Cu, Cd) with large and regenerable ammonia capacity. J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 9922–9929 (2018).
Chen, Y., Li, L., Li, J., Ouyang, K. & Yang, J. Ammonia capture and flexible transformation of M-2 (INA)(M = Cu, Co, Ni, Cd) series materials. J. Hazard. Mater. 306, 340–347 (2016).
Lyu, P. et al. Ammonia capture via an unconventional reversible guest-induced metal-linker bond dynamics in a highly stable metal–organic framework. Chem. Mater. 33, 6186–6192 (2021).
Kumagai, H. et al. Metal−organic frameworks from copper dimers with cis– and trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate and cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylate. Inorg. Chem. 46, 5949–5956 (2007).
Seki, K., Takamizawa, S. & Mori, W. Characterization of microporous copper(II) dicarboxylates (fumarate, terephthalate, and trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) by gas adsorption. Chem. Lett. 30, 122–123 (2001).
Kim, D. W. et al. High ammonia uptake of a metal–organic framework adsorbent in a wide pressure range. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 59, 22531–22536 (2020).
McDonald, T. M. et al. Cooperative insertion of CO2 in diamine-appended metal-organic frameworks. Nature 519, 303–308 (2015).
Reed, D. A. et al. A spin transition mechanism for cooperative adsorption in metal–organic frameworks. Nature 550, 96–100 (2017).
Liu, C. Y. & Aika, K. Ammonia absorption on alkaline earth halides as ammonia separation and storage procedure. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn 77, 123–131 (2004).
Kang, D. W. et al. A hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) with type IV NH3 adsorption behavior. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 131, 16298–16301 (2019).
Chen, Y. et al. Antenna-protected metal–organic squares for water/ammonia uptake with excellent stability and regenerability. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 5, 5082–5089 (2017).
Steiner, T. The hydrogen bond in the solid state. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41, 48–76 (2002).
Wang, L., Chen, L., Wang, H. L. & Liao, D. L. The adsorption refrigeration characteristics of alkaline-earth metal chlorides and its composite adsorbents. Renew. Energy 34, 1016–1023 (2009).
Wang, L. W., Wang, R. Z., Lu, Z. S., Chen, C. J. & Wu, J. Y. Comparison of the adsorption performance of compound adsorbent in a refrigeration cycle with and without mass recovery. Chem. Eng. Sci. 61, 3761–3770 (2006).
Rieth, A. J., Tulchinsky, Y. & Dincă, M. High and reversible ammonia uptake in mesoporous azolate metal–organic frameworks with open Mn, Co, and Ni sites. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 9401–9404 (2016).
Katz, M. J. et al. High volumetric uptake of ammonia using Cu-MOF-74/Cu-CPO-27. Dalt. Trans. 45, 4150–4153 (2016).
Hiraide, S., Tanaka, H., Ishikawa, N. & Miyahara, M. T. Intrinsic thermal management capabilities of flexible metal–organic frameworks for carbon dioxide separation and capture. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 41066–41077 (2017).
Feldmann, W. K., Esterhuysen, C. & Barbour, L. J. Pressure-gradient sorption calorimetry of flexible porous materials: implications for intrinsic thermal management. ChemSusChem 13, 5220–5223 (2020).
An, G. et al. Metal–organic frameworks for ammonia‐based thermal energy storage. Small 17, 2102689 (2021).
Liu, Z. et al. The potential use of metal–organic framework/ammonia working pairs in adsorption chillers. J. Mater. Chem. A 9, 6188–6195 (2021).
Kale, M. J. et al. Optimizing ammonia separation via reactive absorption for sustainable ammonia synthesis. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3, 2576–2584 (2020).
Hrtus, D. J., Nowrin, F. H., Lomas, A., Fotsa, Y. & Malmali, M. Achieving+ 95% ammonia purity by optimizing the absorption and desorption conditions of supported metal halides. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 10, 204–212 (2021).
Irving, H. & Williams, R. J. P. The stability of transition-metal complexes. J. Chem. Soc. 3192–3210 (1953).
Paoletti, P. Formation of metal complexes with ethylenediamine: a critical survey of equilibrium constants, enthalpy and entropy values. Pure Appl. Chem. 56, 491–522 (1984).
Frisch, M. J. et al. Gaussian 16, Revision A.03 (Gaussian, 2016).
Jiang, L. & Roskilly, A. P. Thermal conductivity, permeability and reaction characteristic enhancement of ammonia solid sorbents: a review. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 130, 1206–1225 (2019).
Rigaku Oxford Diffraction CrysAlisPro Software System, version 1.171.39.7a (Rigaku, 2015).
Sheldrick, G. M. Crystal Structure Refinement with SHELXL. Acta Crystallogr. C 71, 3−8 (2015).
Sheldrick, G. M. SHELXS (Univ. Göttingen, 2014).
Sheldrick, G. M. A short history of SHELX. Acta Crystallogr. A 64, 112−122 (2008).
Sheldrick, G. M. SHELXL (Univ. Göttingen, 2014).
Dolomanov, O. V., Bourhis, L. J., Gildea, R. J., Howard, J. A. K. & Puschmann, H. OLEX2: a complete structure solution, refinement and analysis program. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 42, 339−341 (2009).
Carson, C. et al. Structure solution from powder diffraction of copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2014, 2140−2145 (2014).
More News
Editorial Expression of Concern: Leptin stimulates fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase – Nature
Quantum control of a cat qubit with bit-flip times exceeding ten seconds – Nature
Venus water loss is dominated by HCO+ dissociative recombination – Nature