Burden and characteristics of COVID-19 in the United States during 2020 – Nature

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted health systems and economies throughout the world during 2020 and was particularly devastating for the United States, which experienced the highest numbers of reported cases and deaths during 2020^1–3. Many of the epidemiological features responsible for observed rates of morbidity and mortality have been reported^4–8; however, the overall burden and characteristics of COVID-19 in the United States have not been comprehensively quantified. Here we use a data-driven model-inference approach to simulate the pandemic at county-scale in the United States during 2020 and estimate critical, time-varying epidemiological properties underpinning the dynamics of the virus. The pandemic in the US during 2020 was characterized by national ascertainment rates that increased from 11.3% (95% credible interval (CI):8.3 – 15.9%) during March to 24.5% (18.6 – 32.3%) during December. Population susceptibility at year’s end was 69.0% (63.6 – 75.4%), indicating that roughly one third of the US population had been infected. Community infectious rates, the percentage of people harbouring a contagious infection, rose above 0.8% (0.6 – 1.0%) before the end of the year, and were as high as 2.4% in some major metropolitan areas. In contrast, the infection fatality rate fell to 0.3% by year’s end.