Tsiganis, K., Gomes, R., Morbidelli, A. & Levison, H. F. Origin of the orbital architecture of the giant planets of the Solar System. Nature 435, 459–461 (2005).
Morbidelli, A., Tsiganis, K., Crida, A., Levison, H. F. & Gomes, R. Dynamics of the giant planets of the Solar System in the gaseous protoplanetary disk and their relationship to the current orbital architecture. Astron. J. 134, 1790–1798 (2007).
Batygin, K., Brown, M. E. & Betts, H. Instability-driven dynamical evolution model of a primordially five-planet outer Solar System. Astrophys. J. Lett. 744, L3 (2012).
Nesvorný, D. Dynamical evolution of the early Solar System. Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 56, 137–174 (2018).
Levison, H. F., Morbidelli, A., Tsiganis, K., Nesvorný, D. & Gomes, R. Late orbital instabilities in the outer planets induced by interaction with a self-gravitating planetesimal disk. Astron. J. 142, 152 (2011).
Nesvorný, D., Vokrouhlický, D., Bottke, W. F. & Levison, H. F. Evidence for very early migration of the Solar System planets from the Patroclus–Menoetius binary Jupiter Trojan. Nat. Astron. 2, 878–882 (2018).
Mojzsis, S. J., Brasser, R., Kelly, N. M., Abramov, O. & Werner, S. C. Onset of giant planet migration before 4480 million years ago. Astrophys. J. 881, 44 (2019).
Quarles, B. & Kaib, N. Instabilities in the early Solar System due to a self-gravitating disk. Astron. J. 157, 67 (2019).
de Sousa, R. R. et al. Dynamical evidence for an early giant planet instability. Icarus 339, 113605 (2020).
Pierens, A., Raymond, S. N., Nesvorny, D. & Morbidelli, A. Outward migration of Jupiter and Saturn in 3:2 or 2:1 resonance in radiative disks: implications for the Grand Tack and Nice models. Astrophys. J. Lett. 795, L11 (2014).
Williams, J. P. & Cieza, L. A. Protoplanetary disks and their evolution. Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 49, 67–117 (2011).
Jacobson, S. A. et al. Highly siderophile elements in Earth’s mantle as a clock for the Moon-forming impact. Nature 508, 84–87 (2014).
Kleine, T. & Walker, R. J. Tungsten isotopes in planets. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 45, 389–417 (2017).
Clement, M. S., Kaib, N. A., Raymond, S. N. & Walsh, K. J. Mars’ growth stunted by an early giant planet instability. Icarus 311, 340–356 (2018).
Alexander, R., Pascucci, I., Andrews, S., Armitage, P. & Cieza, L. in Protostars and Planets Vol. VI (eds. Beuther, H. et al.) 475–496 (Univ. Arizona Press, 2014).
Ercolano, B. & Pascucci, I. The dispersal of planet-forming discs: theory confronts observations. R. Soc. Open Sci. 4, 170114 (2017).
Masset, F. S., Morbidelli, A., Crida, A. & Ferreira, J. Disk surface density transitions as protoplanet traps. Astrophys. J. 642, 478–487 (2006).
Romanova, M. M. et al. 3D simulations of planet trapping at disc-cavity boundaries. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 485, 2666–2680 (2019).
Liu, B., Ormel, C. W. & Lin, D. N. C. Dynamical rearrangement of super-Earths during disk dispersal. I. Outline of the magnetospheric rebound model. Astron. Astrophys. 601, A15 (2017).
Liu, B. & Ormel, C. W. Dynamical rearrangement of super-Earths during disk dispersal. II. Assessment of the magnetospheric rebound model for planet formation scenarios. Astron. Astrophys. 606, A66 (2017).
Gomes, R., Levison, H. F., Tsiganis, K. & Morbidelli, A. Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets. Nature 435, 466–469 (2005).
Nesvorný, D. & Morbidelli, A. Statistical study of the early Solar System’s instability with four, five, and six giant planets. Astron. J 144, 117 (2012).
Clement, M. et al. Born eccentric: constraints on Jupiter and Saturn’s pre-instability orbits. Icarus 355, 114–122 (2021).
Zellner, N. E. B. Cataclysm no more: new views on the timing and delivery of lunar impactors. Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 47, 261–280 (2017).
Zahnle, K., Schenk, P., Levison, H. & Dones, L. Cratering rates in the outer Solar System. Icarus 163, 263–289 (2003).
Singer, K. N. et al. Impact craters on Pluto and Charon indicate a deficit of small Kuiper belt objects. Science 363, 955–959 (2019).
Raymond, S. N., Izidoro, A. & Morbidelli, A. In Planetary Astrobiology (eds Meadows, V. et al.), 287–324 (Univ. Arizona Press, 2020).
Raymond, S. N., Armitage, P. J. & Gorelick, N. Planet-planet scattering in planetesimal disks. II. Predictions for outer extrasolar planetary systems. Astrophys. J. 711, 772–795 (2010).
Suzuki, D. et al. The exoplanet mass-ratio function from the MOA-II Survey: discovery of a break and likely peak at a Neptune mass. Astrophys. J. 833, 145 (2016).
Pu, B. & Wu, Y. Spacing of Kepler planets: sculpting by dynamical instability. Astrophys. J. 807, 44 (2017).
Shakura, N. I. & Sunyaev, R. A. Black holes in binary systems. Observational appearance. Astron. Astrophys. 500, 33–51 (1973).
Alexander, R. D., Clarke, C. J. & Pringle, J. E. Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs – I. Hydrodynamic models. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 369, 216–228 (2006).
Owen, J. E., Ercolano, B. & Clarke, C. J. Protoplanetary disc evolution and dispersal: the implications of X-ray photoevaporation. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 412, 13–25 (2011).
Haisch, J., Karl, E., Lada, E. A. & Lada, C. J. Disk frequencies and lifetimes in young clusters. Astrophys. J. Lett. 553, L153–L156 (2001).
Luhman, K. L., Espaillat, C., Hartmann, L. & Calvet, N. The disk population of the Taurus star-forming region. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 186, 111–174 (2010).
Koepferl, C. M. et al. Disc clearing of young stellar objects: evidence for fast inside-out dispersal. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 428, 3327–3354 (2013).
Hayashi, C. Structure of the solar nebula, growth and decay of magnetic fields and effects of magnetic and turbulent viscosities on the nebula. Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 70, 35–53 (1981).
Paardekooper, S. J., Baruteau, C., Crida, A. & Kley, W. A torque formula for non-isothermal type I planetary migration – I. Unsaturated horseshoe drag. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 401, 1950–1964 (2010).
Liu, B., Zhang, X., Lin, D. N. C. & Aarseth, S. J. Migration and growth of protoplanetary embryos. II. Emergence of proto-gas-giant cores versus super Earth progenitors. Astrophys. J. 798, 62 (2015).
Lin, D. N. C. & Papaloizou, J. On the tidal interaction between protoplanets and the protoplanetary disk. III. Orbital migration of protoplanets. Astrophys. J. 309, 846 (1986).
Crida, A., Morbidelli, A. & Masset, F. On the width and shape of gaps in protoplanetary disks. Icarus 181, 587–604 (2006).
Fernandez, J. A. & Ip, W.-H. Some dynamical aspects of the accretion of Uranus and Neptune: The exchange of orbital angular momentum with planetesimals. Icarus 58, 109–120 (1984).
Agnor, C. B. & Lin, N. C. On the migration of Jupiter and Saturn: constraints from linear models of secular resonant coupling with the terrestrial planets. Astrophys. J. 745, 143 (2012).
Kaib, N. A. & Chambers, J. E. The fragility of the terrestrial planets during a giant-planet instability. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 455, 3561–3569 (2016).
Aarseth, S. J. Gravitational N-Body Simulations (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003).
Chambers, J. A hybrid symplectic integrator that permits close encounters between massive bodies. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 304, 793–799 (1999).
Laskar, J. Large scale chaos and the spacing of the inner planets. Astron. Astrophys. 317, L75–L78 (1997).
Chambers, J. E. Making more terrestrial planets. Icarus 152, 205–224 (2001).
Morbidelli, A., Brasser, R., Tsiganis, K., Gomes, R. & Levison, H. F. Constructing the secular architecture of the solar system. I. The giant planets. Astron. Astrophys. 507, 1041–1052 (2009).
Liu, B., Lambrechts, M., Johansen, A. & Liu, F. Super-Earth masses sculpted by pebble isolation around stars of different masses. Astron. Astrophys. 631, A7 (2019).
More News
Star Formation Shut Down by Multiphase Gas Outflow in a Galaxy at a Redshift of 2.45 – Nature
Garden-variety fungus is an expert at environmental clean-ups
Air-travel climate-change emissions detailed for nearly 200 nations