Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Gretchen R. B. Saunders, Seon-Kyeong Jang, Mengzhen Liu, Jacqueline M. Otto, William Iacono, James J. Lee, Matt McGue, Moin Syed & Scott Vrieze
Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
Xingyan Wang, Fang Chen, Chen Wang, Shuang Gao, Chachrit Khunsriraksakul, Bibo Jiang & Dajiang J. Liu
Department of Epidemiology & Population Health at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Yu Jiang
Jackson Heart Study (JHS) Graduate Training and Education Center (GTEC), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
Clifton Addison
Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
Masato Akiyama, Yoichiro Kamatani & Nana Matoba
Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
Masato Akiyama
Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Christine M. Albert
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Christine M. Albert & Daniel I. Chasman
Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Fazil Aliev & Danielle M. Dick
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Alvaro Alonso
Dean’s Office and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
Donna K. Arnett
Department of Medicine and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
Allison E. Ashley-Koch, Melanie E. Garrett & Marilyn J. Telen
Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
Allison E. Ashley-Koch & Melanie E. Garrett
Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
Aneel A. Ashrani
Division of Biomedical Informatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
Kathleen C. Barnes, Meher Preethi Boorgula, Sameer Chavan & Nicholas Rafaels
Tempus, Chicago, IL, USA
Kathleen C. Barnes
Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
R. Graham Barr & Elizabeth C. Oelsner
Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Traci M. Bartz, Joshua C. Bis, Jennifer A. Brody, Sina A. Gharib & Nona Sotoodehnia
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Traci M. Bartz & Charles Kooperberg
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Diane M. Becker & Lisa R. Yanek
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Lawrence F. Bielak, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Patricia A. Peyser, Jennifer A. Smith & Wei Zhao
Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Emelia J. Benjamin
Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Emelia J. Benjamin
deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
Gyda Bjornsdottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hreinn Stefansson, Kari Stefansson & Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson
Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
John Blangero, Joanne E. Curran & Ravindranath Duggirala
Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Eugene R. Bleecker & Deborah A. Meyers
Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Jason D. Boardman
Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Eric Boerwinkle, Myriam Fornage, Alanna C. Morrison & Bing Yu
Netherlands Twin Register, Dept Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Dorret I. Boomsma, JoukeJan Hottenga & Gonneke Willemsen
Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Donald W. Bowden & Nicholette D. Palmer
Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Brian E. Cade, Susan Redline & Michael N. Rueschman
Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Brian E. Cade & Susan Redline
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
Brian E. Cade
Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
Yii-Der Ida Chen
Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Zhengming Chen, Kuang Lin, Iona Y. Millwood & Robin G. Walters
MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Zhengming Chen, Iona Y. Millwood & Robin G. Walters
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Iona Cheng & Yuqing Li
UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Iona Cheng
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Michael H. Cho & Matthew Moll
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Michael H. Cho & Matthew Moll
Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
Hélène Choquet, Khanh K. Thai & Jie Yin
Department of Neurology, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
John W. Cole
Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
John W. Cole
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Marilyn C. Cornelis, Lifang Hou & Yoonjung Y. Joo
University of Sassari, Sassari SS, Italy
Francesco Cucca
Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
Mariza de Andrade
Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Anna R. Docherty
Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, USA
Anna R. Docherty & Nathan Gillespie
Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Anna R. Docherty
Department of Family Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Charles B. Eaton
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Marissa A. Ehringer, John K. Hewitt, Matthew C. Keller, Michael C. Stallings & Jerry A. Stitzel
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Marissa A. Ehringer & Reedik Mägi
Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Tõnu Esko, Toomas Haller & Andres Metspalu
Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Jessica D. Faul, Jennifer A. Smith & David R. Weir
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Lilian Fernandes Silva
Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
Edoardo Fiorillo, Antonella Mulas & Valeria Orrù
Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
Myriam Fornage
Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Barry I. Freedman
K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Maiken E. Gabrielsen, Kristian Hveem, Jonas B. Nielsen, Anne Heidi Skogholt & Bendik S. Winsvold
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Sina A. Gharib
Center for Lung Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Sina A. Gharib
Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Christian Gieger
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
David C. Glahn
Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
Scott D. Gordon, Nicholas G. Martin & John B. Whitfield
Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Charles C. Gu & Nancy L. Saccone
Department of Epidemiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Dongfeng Gu
School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Daniel F. Gudbjartsson
The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
Xiuqing Guo, Jerome I. Rotter & Kent D. Taylor
Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
Jeffrey Haessler, Robert C. Kaplan, Charles Kooperberg, Ulrike Peters & Alex P. Reiner
Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
Michael E. Hall
Department of Sociology and the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Kathleen Mullan Harris
Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
Jiang He, Tanika N. Kelly & Xiao Sun
Translational Sciences Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
Jiang He & Tanika N. Kelly
McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
Pamela Herd
Department Of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
John K. Hewitt, Matthew C. Keller & Michael C. Stallings
Youth Mental Health & Technology Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Ian Hickie
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Bertha Hidalgo & Marguerite R. Irvin
Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
John E. Hokanson, Nicole E. Richmond & Kendra A. Young
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
Christian Hopfer
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Hongyan Huang, Yon Ho Jee, Peter Kraft & Constance Turman
Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Hongyan Huang, Peter Kraft & Constance Turman
Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Yi-Jen Hung
Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
David J. Hunter
HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
Kristian Hveem
Department of Research, Innovation and Education, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
Kristian Hveem
Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Shih-Jen Hwang, Daniel Levy & Jiantao Ma
Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Chii-Min Hwu
GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
Eric O. Johnson, Ravi Mathur & Dana B. Hancock
Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
Eric O. Johnson
Institute of Data Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
Yoonjung Y. Joo
Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
Eric Jorgenson
Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
Anne E. Justice
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Anne E. Justice & Kari E. North
Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Yoichiro Kamatani
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
Robert C. Kaplan
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland – FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Jaakko Kaprio, Tellervo Korhonen & Teemu Palviainen
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Kenneth Krauter
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
Johanna Kuusisto & Markku Laakso
Center for Medicine and Clinical Research, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
Johanna Kuusisto
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Jessica Lasky-Su & Scott T. Weiss
Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
Wen-Jane Lee
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
Liming Li
Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Kevin Li & Anita Pandit
Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
Penelope A. Lind & Sarah E. Medland
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Penelope A. Lind
School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Penelope A. Lind
Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Chunyu Liu
Departments of Preventive Medicine, Medicine, and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
Sharon M. Lutz
Department of Biostatics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Sharon M. Lutz
Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
Jiantao Ma
Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Ani Manichaikul & Stephen S. Rich
Department of Genetics, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Nana Matoba
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Patrick F. McArdle, Braxton D. Mitchell, May E. Montasser & Huichun Xu
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Matthew B. McQueen
Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
Braxton D. Mitchell
Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Karen L. Mohlke
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Jonas B. Nielsen
Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
Yukinori Okada
Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
Yukinori Okada
Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
Yukinori Okada
Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Yukinori Okada
Population Sciences of the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
S. Lani Park
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Ulrike Peters, Alex P. Reiner & Nicholas L. Smith
Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
Annette Peters
Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
Annette Peters
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, DZHK, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
Annette Peters
Department of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Tinca J. C. Polderman
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Tinca J. C. Polderman
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Susan Redline
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Robert M. Reed
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
John P. Rice & Laura J. Bierut
Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Carol Roan & Kamil Sicinski
SAA-National Center of Addiction Medicine, Vogur Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
Valgerdur Runarsdottir & Thorarinn Tyrfingsson
Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Nancy L. Saccone
Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
David A. Schwartz
Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Aladdin H. Shadyab
23andMe, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
Jingchunzi Shi & Suyash S. Shringarpure
Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Nicholas L. Smith
Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
Nicholas L. Smith
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Nona Sotoodehnia
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
Kari Stefansson
COPD Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
Ruth Tal-Singer
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Amy E. Taylor, Luisa Zuccolo & Marcus R. Munafò
National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Amy E. Taylor & Marcus R. Munafò
Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Amy E. Taylor & Luisa Zuccolo
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Hemant Tiwari
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Tamara L. Wall
Jackson Heart Study Undergraduate Training and Education Center, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, USA
Wendy B. White
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Kerri L. Wiggins
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Cristen J. Willer
Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Cristen J. Willer
Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Cristen J. Willer & Wei Zhou
Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Bendik S. Winsvold
Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Bendik S. Winsvold
Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Kristin L. Young
Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Wei Zhou
Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Sebastian Zöllner
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Sebastian Zöllner
Health Data Science Centre, Fondazione Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
Luisa Zuccolo
Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Chiara Batini
Oregon Research Institute, Springfield, OR, USA
Andrew W. Bergen
BioRealm, LLC, Walnut, CA, USA
Andrew W. Bergen
Outcomes Research Network & Department of Family Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
Sean P. David
Department of Family Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Sean P. David
Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Sarah A. Gagliano Taliun
Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Sarah A. Gagliano Taliun
Research Centre, Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Sarah A. Gagliano Taliun
School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Marcus R. Munafò
D.J.L. and S.V. designed, led and oversaw the study. G.R.B.S and X.W. were the lead analysts for the study, and they were assisted by D.J.L., S.V., F. Chen, S.-K.J., M. Liu and C.W. Phenotype definitions were developed by L.J.B., M.C.C., J. Kaprio., E.J., D.J.L., M. McGue, M.R.M., S.V. and L.Z. Software development was carried out by X.W., D.J.L., F. Chen and C.W. Multi-ancestry meta-analyses were performed by X.W. Ancestry-stratified meta-analyses were performed by G.R.B.S. and M. Liu. Conditional analyses were performed by X.W. and G.R.B.S. Fine-mapping and allelic heterogeneity were performed by X.W. and G.R.B.S. Replicability analyses were performed by C.W., S.-K.J. and G.R.B.S. Multi-ancestry TWAS were performed by F. Chen. Heritability and genetic correlation analyses were performed by S.-K.J. Polygenic scoring analyses was performed by G.R.B.S. Bioinformatics analyses were performed and interpreted by F. Chen, S.-K.J., G.R.B.S., S.V. and J.A. Stitzel. Figures were created by M. Liu, G.R.B.S., S.-K.J. and S.V. M. Liu and S.V. coordinated among participating cohorts. M.A.E. and M.C.K. helped with data access. G.R.B.S. coordinated authorship and acknowledgement details. C.B., A.W.B., L.B., S.P.D., S.A.G.T., D.B.H., M.R.M. and T.E.T. provided helpful advice and feedback on study design and the manuscript. All authors contributed to and critically reviewed the manuscript. G.R.B.S., X.W., S.-K.J., F. Chen, C.W., D.J.L. and S.V. made major contributions to the writing and editing.
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