Why didn’t Alexandra Trusova’s five quad attempts deliver gold? Skating scoring explained.

Alexandra Trusova, the 17-year-old Russian prodigy, won the free skate on Thursday after attempting five quadruple jumps in the most ambitious technical program in the history of women’s Olympic figure skating. But she had to settle for the silver medal and appeared extremely upset afterward. So what happened?

It is important to remember that the result of a skating competition is the combined score of the short program and the long program. Trusova fell on a triple axel — the most difficult triple jump — in the short program, and finished fourth. Quad jumps are not permitted for women in the short program. Trusova has never landed the triple axel in competition. It has a base value of 8 points when done cleanly, but Trusova received only 3.20 points after her fall.

She began the free skate more than five points behind her training partner, Anna Shcherbakova, 17, the eventual gold medalist. Shcherbakova skated more conservatively in the short program, finishing second after performing a double axel instead of a triple and receiving no point deductions for imperfect jumps.

The difference in the short program scoring was 80.20 points for Shcherbakova to 74.60 points for Trusova. So while Trusova narrowly won the free skate with 177.13 points to Shcherbakova’s 175.75 points, Trusova could not make up the gap from the short program. Shcherbakova won the gold medal with 255.95 total points to Trusova’s 251.73 points.

Also, skating involves more than jumping. The outcome rewards a complete performance. In addition to a technical score for jumps and spins, a skater receives a component score. This is essentially a score for artistry. The component score judges elements like skating skills; footwork and other transitional moves between jumps; the structure and unity of a program and the ability to translate the music and choreography into performance.

The technical score and component score are added to give the total score for skaters in the short program and again in the long program.

Jumping, not artistry, is Trusova’s strong suit. On Thursday, she received the highest technical score in winning the free skate but recorded only the third-highest component score, leaving some potentially decisive points on the table.

The 5.67-point advantage that Trusova had over Shcherbakova in the technical score in the free skate was eroded by a 4.29-point deficit to Shcherbakova in the component score. Shcherbakova had the highest component score of all competitors in the free skate. Trusova’s component score also trailed the leaders in the short program.

Finally, while Trusova attempted five quads in the free skate, she landed only three cleanly. Two others — a toe loop and lutz — received deductions from their base point values by the judges. Those quad deductions amounted to 3.43 points. Trusova received another slight deduction, of about half a point, for a flawed double axel-triple toe combination jump.

Shcherbakova attempted only two quads in the free skate but landed them both cleanly and received no point deductions for any technical elements in her routine.

All of these reasons, considered together, resulted in Shcherbakova’s gold medal and Trusova’s silver.

Afterward, Trusova was seen on camera saying, “I hate it! I don’t want to do anything in figure skating ever in my life! Everyone has a gold medal and I don’t.”

Later, her eyes red from crying, she told reporters, “I am not happy with the result. There is no happiness.”