Swallen, S. F. et al. Organic glasses with exceptional thermodynamic and kinetic stability. Science 315, 353–356 (2007).
Ediger, M. D. Perspective: highly stable vapor-deposited glasses. J. Chem. Phys. 147, 210901 (2017).
Dutcher, J. R. & Ediger, M. D. Glass surfaces not so glassy. Science 319, 577−578 (2008).
Jones, R. A. L. Glasses with liquid-like surfaces. Nat. Mater. 2, 645–646 (2003).
Napolitano, S., Glynos, E. & Tito, N. B. Glass transition of polymers in bulk, confined geometries, and near interfaces. Rep. Prog. Phys. 80, 036602 (2017).
Schweizer, K. S. & Simmons, D. S. Progress towards a phenomenological picture and theoretical understanding of glassy dynamics and vitrification near interfaces and under nanoconfinement. J. Chem. Phys. 151, 240901 (2019).
Ellison, C. J. & Torkelson, J. M. The distribution of glass-transition temperatures in nanoscopically confined glass formers. Nat. Mater. 2, 695–700 (2003).
Priestley, R. D., Ellison, C. J., Broadbelt, L. J. & Torkelson, J. M. Structural relaxation of polymer glasses at surfaces, interfaces, and in between. Science 309, 456–459 (2005).
Pye, J. E., Rohald, K. A., Baker, E. A. & Roth, C. B. Physical aging in ultrathin polystyrene films: evidence of a gradient in dynamics at the free surface and its connection to the glass transition temperature reductions. Macromolecules 43, 8296–8303 (2010).
Yu, L. Surface mobility of molecular glasses and its importance in physical stability. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 100, 3–9 (2016).
Jackson, C. L. & McKenna, G. B. The glass transition of organic liquids confined to small pores. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 131–133, 221–224 (1991).
Keddie, J. L., Jones, R. A. L. & Cory, R. A. Size-dependent depression of the glass transition temperature in polymer films. Europhys. Lett. 27, 59–64 (1994).
Fakhraai, Z. & Forrest, J. A. Measuring the surface dynamics of glassy polymers. Science 319, 600–604 (2008).
Paeng, K., Swallen, S. F. & Ediger, M. D. Direct measurement of molecular motion in freestanding polystyrene thin films. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 8444–8447 (2011).
Ediger, M. D. & Forrest, J. A. Dynamics near free surfaces and the glass transition in thin polymer films: a view to the future. Macromolecules 47, 471–478 (2014).
Yang, Z., Fujii, Y., Lee, F. K., Lam, C-H. & Tsui, O. K. C. Glass transition dynamics and surface layer mobility in unentangled polystyrene films. Science 328, 1676–1679 (2010).
Chai, Y. et al. A direct quantitative measure of surface mobility in a glassy polymer. Science 343, 994–999 (2014).
Li, Y. et al. Surface diffusion in glasses of rod-like molecules posaconazole and itraconazole: effect of interfacial molecular alignment and bulk penetration. Soft Matter 16, 5062–5070 (2020).
Flier, B. M. I. et al. Heterogeneous diffusion in thin polymer films as observed by high-temperature single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 480–488 (2012).
Xu, Q. et al. Decoupling role of film thickness and interfacial effect on polymer thin film dynamics. ACS Macro Lett. 10, 1–8 (2021).
Toney, M. F. et al. Near-surface alignment of polymers in rubbed films. Nature 374, 709–711 (1995).
Maeda, N., Chen, N., Tirrell, M. & Israelachvili, J. N. Adhesion and friction mechanisms of polymer-on-polymer surfaces. Science 297, 379–382 (2002).
Tanaka, K., Takahara, A. & Kajiyama, T. Rheological analysis of surface relaxation process of monodisperse polystyrene films. Macromolecules 33, 7588–7593 (2000).
Ma, J. et al. Fast surface dynamics enabled cold joining of metallic glasses. Sci. Adv. 5, eaax7256 (2019).
Li, X. et al. Low‐temperature processing of polymer nanoparticles for bioactive composites. J. Polym. Sci. B 54, 2514–2520 (2016).
Chen, F., Lam, C.-H. & Tsui, O. K. C. The surface mobility of glasses. Science 343, 975–976 (2014).
Sokolov, A. P. & Schweizer, K. S. Resolving the mystery of the chain friction mechanism in polymer liquids. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 248301 (2009).
Hung, J.-H., Mangalara, J. H. & Simmons, D. S. Heterogeneous rouse model predicts polymer chain translational normal mode decoupling. Macromolecules 51, 2887–2898 (2018).
Rubinstein, M. & Colby, R. H. Polymer Physics (Oxford Univ. Press, 2003).
Carré, A., Gastel, J.-C. & Shanahan, M. E. R. Viscoelastic effects in the spreading of liquids. Nature 379, 432–434 (1996).
Shanahan, M. E. R. & Carré, A. Spreading and dynamics of liquid drops involving nanometric deformations on soft substrates. Colloids Surf. A 206, 115–123 (2002).
Jerison, E. R., Xu, Y., Wilen, L. A. & Dufresne, E. R. Deformation of an elastic substrate by a three-phase contact line. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 186103 (2011).
Lu, H., Chen, W. & Russell, T. P. Relaxation of thin films of polystyrene floating on ionic liquid surface. Macromolecules 42, 9111–9117 (2009).
Fetters, L. J., Lohse, D. J., Richter, D., Witten, T. A. & Zirkel, A. Connection between polymer molecular weight, density, chain dimensions, and melt viscoelastic properties. Macromolecules 27, 4639–4647 (1994).
Plazek, D. J. & O’Rourke, V. M. Viscoelastic behavior of low molecular weight polystyrene. J. Polym. Sci. A-2 9, 209–243 (1971).
Yang, J. & Schweizer, K. S. Glassy dynamics and mechanical response in dense fluids of soft repulsive spheres. II. Shear modulus, relaxation-elasticity connections, and rheology. J. Chem. Phys. 134, 204909 (2011).
Humphrey, W., Dalke, A. & Schulten, K. VMD — visual molecular dynamics. J. Mol. Graph. 14, 33–38 (1996).
Lang, R. J. & Simmons, D. S. Interfacial dynamic length scales in the glass transition of a model freestanding polymer film and their connection to cooperative motion. Macromolecules 46, 9818–9825 (2013).
Khantha, M. & Balakrishnan, V. First passage time distributions for finite one-dimensional random walks. Pramana 21, 111–122 (1983).
Kröger, M. Shortest multiple disconnected path for the analysis of entanglements in two- and three-dimensional polymeric systems. Comput. Phys. Commun. 168, 209–232 (2005).
Si, L., Massa, M. V., Dalnoki-Veress, K., Brown, H. R. & Jones, R. A. L. Chain entanglement in thin freestanding polymer films. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 127801 (2005).
Brown, H. R. & Russell, T. P. Entanglements at polymer surfaces and interfaces. Macromolecules 29, 798–800 (1996).
More News
Star Formation Shut Down by Multiphase Gas Outflow in a Galaxy at a Redshift of 2.45 – Nature
Garden-variety fungus is an expert at environmental clean-ups
Air-travel climate-change emissions detailed for nearly 200 nations